Zinc plating turning black

Zinc plating turning black. I drilled about 20 1/4 inch holes in the bottom of a clean yogurt container and a paper coffee filter fits nicely. Add to basket Zinc Plating Kits. Provides anodizing, chromating, aluminium conversion coating, zinc plating, passivating, stainless steel electropolishing, electroplating, and black oxidizing services. With over 90 years in business, Greystone has delivered over a billion Zinc plated parts to a global customer base. 2) lack of carrier or Wetter sold as "M" in India. Provo: (801) 373-1141 Logan: (435) 755-8000 Apr 2, 2022 · White Patches observed 4-5 days after Alkaline Zinc Plating (Cr6 Free) Q. Zinc is chosen because of its innate ability to fight corrosion. Both are immersed in the aqueous solution, and DC is introduced to the bath. The level of corrosion resistance of zinc plated fasteners Achieving the Perfect ZINC PLATE. 5 gallon Zinc Plating Kit Dec 15, 2022 · Straightforward instructions on how to zinc plate small parts at home from the very beginning to the finished product in real time. Low-cost: It is the cost-effective method of surface finishing compared to other methods, including powder coating, black oxide finishing, and silver plating. . amazo The most common finishes and coatings include: uncoated or plain, black oxide, nickel, phosphate, stainless steel, zinc, cadmium, and chrome. Black zinc plating. 5 gallon kit. The component to be coated acts as a cathode, while zinc is the anode. Great Lakes Metal Finishing’s process applies a thin layer Sep 29, 2023 · The role of copper in the corrosion process. As you do this, you will notice a difference in the finish of the zinc (See photos right). Zinc plating is one of the processes of electro-depositing of zinc metal on the surface of other metal objects. Due to the continuous accumulation of organic decomposition products in the plating solution, the color of the plating solution will deepen and the viscosity will become larger, so that the workpiece coating is prone to stripes, black spots and other phenomena. THANK YOU!*** As seen on our mXrevival Instagram page & YouTube Video, our Caswell 1. Zinc plating is a commonly used to protect steel parts from corrosion, and is an excellent choice for many industrial uses. The cleaned zinc came will be a lighter silver in color and will have a brighter sheen on its surface. Mar 31, 2020 · Black zinc offers a little less corrosion resistance than yellow zinc. Zinc is then sacrificed, and steel doesn’t rust. 3) Lack of Chloride or low Chloride. Company. PROBLEM CAUSE SOLUTION. The formation of hydrogen gas may form little pockets in the zinc as it is dissolving. Acid zinc coating adds brightness to objects, improving the item aesthetically while protecting them from damage. The process works by zinc metal being electro-deposited 1. 2) Multiple cold water swilling. Jul 31, 2020 · Passivates. Full Name*. Sep 30, 2022 · Clear/blue – Clear/blue is the perfect color to keep your zinc plating under wraps. Often, a zinc-iron alloy plating will be used instead of plain zinc, because the iron content allows the formation of stable black chromates that do not contain silver. Post treatment is necessary to protect zinc from oxidizing as white rust. The whole bleaching process can last up to one to two hours, so just give the acid solution time to work before adding more to the wood. A topcoat of a water based lacquer will improve the initial onset of white rust by another 6 to 8 hours in a SST. It usually consists of a 8-14 μm layer of 12-16% nickel alloy that’s topped with a . Low zinc metal from bath Add zinc chloride Jun 12, 2022 · With respect to cleaning the plating solution: I have the 1. This protection is vital in some circumstances. Black zinc plating is significantly more corrosion resistant but it does add thickness. add 24 hours for ps- 4220(bake). Quick coupling - 1 1/4 turn to mate; Self-locking coupling mechanism; Black Zinc Nickel plating, with female contacts. Barrel Line Standards: Coatings per ASTM B633 specifications; Acid Zinc Chloride bath system; Clear, Pro Dura Clear, Yellow and Black available on line (All RoHS and Hex-free compliant) Hex Black and dyes available Burbank Plating Service has been providing the highest quality metal finishing services for over 50 years. Post Plating Treatments and Quality Control. We provide bright zinc plating, blue zinc plating, yellow zinc plating and black zinc plating and many more. Rust is the enemy of steel, and steel is what allows us to tame wood. 8STA70205SN . Jul 3, 2007 · But the parts are duller, so I would like to use the brightner in all Copy Cad plating processes, zinc or gold chromate. May 26, 2022 · UV might damage the black zinc finish but often the discoloration is due to a poor chemistry (--too much silver: dull, powdery finish; --too little silver: copper to brown color, poor coverage or blotchy; --not enough zinc plating: odd colors; --wrong pH). After Phosphate coating we place it in Lime tank, the temperature of which is maintained at 40-45 degrees, then we dry the bundle using high speed fans and use the dried bundle for drawing. Blue or clear zinc plating provides the least amount of corrosion resistance. 5 week shipping lead time for this product. The plating process involves passing an electrical current through the plating bath (hence the name electroplating). If you’re looking for expert metal finishing services, then R&S Plating is the place to be. Black and Green: Black and green are solid darker colors that go with any product you could During the zinc plating process, zinc and iron/steel are combined into a cell, called an electrolyte, turning zinc into the anode and steel the cathode. Zinc-nickel plating isn’t new by any means. I would observe the part for a few seconds and keep increasing the amperage until there was a good amount of small bubbles coming from the part. Zinc plating provides a protective layer on metal surfaces that defends against rust by preventing Give us a call or send us a message and our team will contact you as soon as possible. When the solution has been applied, it is just a case of wait and see. It is cost effective, offers exceptional deterioration resistance and has an attractive, clean and smooth appearance. We have been in business for 40 years and process parts for the automotive, commercial and military applications. Our kit will still be a 100% ready to use, turn-key plating kit. Applied on steel, Zinc plating is a soft, corrosion-resistant finish; decorative, ductile, marginally solderable and often used as a paint primer. Sep 20, 2011 · No, you can't plate "over" black oxide, but the pretreatment process for zinc plating will easily remove the black oxide and the parts can be zinc plated. There are ways to use zinc when it comes to plating, which includes: zinc alloy plating. When exposed to oxygen, the zinc transforms into zinc oxide. Dip the parts in the bucket and agitate them up and down, that'll help quite a bit. Black spots are appearing on surface within 24 hrs in salt spray test. Zinc Plating with Blue Chromate is turning yellow over time, probably due to copper or iron contamination, or turning gray due to iron. In this case the first layer is an alloy of ZnFe. Jul 13, 2022 · Black Zinc and Black Xylan® Other processes used to create a black corrosion finish include black zinc and black Xylan®. Our rack plating process accommodates parts up to 72″ x 18″; and up to 200 lbs. Although zinc-nickel finishes are very corrosion-resistant as plated, a passivate is recommended to add an additional layer of protection to assist with mitigating the initiation of white corrosion product. Nov 6, 2022 · These are possible causes of Black spots in Barrel Zinc plating from acid Zinc electrolyte: 1) Dissolved iron from dropped parts in solution. 25. The plating solution is contaminated by impurities. There has been a recent change to the supplied rectifier (if purchased) and will now be black instead of white as shown in photos. The chemical is a black chromate conversion coating. Over time, pennies made primarily of copper can develop a black or dark brown coating. Just mask off the actual braking surface (although a little overspray onto it is no big deal and will burn off, anything more will make an almighty stink and affect braking) Bananapepper89. Aesthetic Appeal; Zinc plating enhances the appearance of manufactured parts, making them more appealing to customers. Nothing can be done with black passivation. Sep 30, 2006 · In turn, zinc itself is protected from corroding (“white rust” formation) by chromate conversion coating. With multiple national recycling recognition award to our credit, Sav-On Plating is always working Environmental Friendly by recycling all of our hazardous waste. 4. In addition, if there are metal . Zinc plating is a sacrificial coating, this is when a metal surface is coated with another metal that is more likely to be oxidised. On weathering, zinc turns to a drab gray color. Our components after alkaline zinc plating (Cr6 Free + Top Coat) are having white patches after 4-5 days even though the components are not exposed to environmental conditions in our plating shop, i. Jun 21, 2013 · Cad plating turns black in a few days. The level of corrosion resistance of zinc plated fasteners Jan 15, 2020 · Zinc is a bluish-white metal commonly applied to iron, brass, and other alloys via one of two methods—zinc plating or zinc flake coating—each of which carries its own unique advantages and use cases. Mar 29, 2023 · It is a versatile surface finish that can be applied to various metal substrates, including steel, iron, copper, and brass. In addition to preventing rust, zinc plating has several other benefits; let’s go over a few with a short description. 2 – Zinc-iron plating + black or grey passivation. 3. Depending on the plating process applied, plating can provide improved corrosion resistance, wear resistance, electrical conductivity, lubricity, solderability, and decorative properties. Zinc plating is a sacrificial protection mechanism because it is anodic to steel in galvanic activity. 0007″, in colors including hexavalents black, yellow, and olive drab; and trivalent colors of clear, black, and yellow. Plating is a process in which a mixed metal solution is deposited in a ranging thickness to the surface of a substrate or base material. The service life of a zinc coating is very much a function of its thickness, as it eventually corrodes away. Our modest 12,000 sq. We are cadmium plating fasteners in a cyanide bath and we are finding that the finish is turning black after 4-6 days. The electrical conductivity of chromate conversion coating is normally not a concern. May 28, 2022 · The part is not hardened. £ 146. It is ideal for small fasteners such as screws, nuts, bolts, and other small hardware pieces. Corrosion resistance is a function of thickness and can be enhanced by adding a conversion coating. The object to be plated and the metal are dipped into the aqueous solution containing the metal ions. 4) lack of Zinc as metal . 10k gold is often used in jewelry pieces that require more strength, such as clasps and pins. ZINC PLATING IS A WIDELY used coating for the sacrificial corrosion protection of steel. 01-02-11. The greenish-rainbowy flash over a nice black is OK, it is the chromate showing. Apr 16, 2021 · Zinc Serves as a Sacrificial Coating. Phone: (519) 884-0797. Zinc Nickel Plating. I plate for six minutes then turn the part around for full coverage, using two anodes on one side of the 4. Zinc plating can add years of life to metal products, up to 30 years! With roots dating back to 1966, Cody Metal Finishing’s ISO-9001 certified company, (International Organization for Standardization) has become a leader to supplying Zinc Plating services for OEM’s (original equipment manufacturer) and Manufacturing companies throughout the Midwest. We hope to hear from you soon! 105 Randall Drive, Waterloo, ON N2V 1C5. Peak Finish is your source for high-quality zinc plating in Salt Lake City, Utah with superb customer service. Learn more today! Apr 21, 2023 · What Is Zinc-Nickel Plating? Zinc-nickel (Zn-Ni) is short for zinc-nickel electroplate. Zinc also provides an excellent base for painting and other coatings. We can be reached at 317-925-2396. 8736 Schumacher Ln Houston, TX 77063. Interestingly, another reason that zinc coating is so effective at stopping corrosion is due to zinc’s own corrosive properties. Electroplating is done by the process of electrodeposition, and involves the formation of an electrolytic cell consisting of the cathode (the object to be plated) and the anode (the metal used for plating), immersed in an electrolytic solution. Hello Timothy. Wrap it in a fabric napkin, as shown. 1. This corrosion is the result of chemical reactions between the copper and substances in the environment, such as oxygen and moisture. Email *. When I’m building stuff for inside, I’d rather ***Please note- there is typically a 2. Usually the black passivation requires a further top coating (usually organic coating by immersion) to be more resistant. Step-by-step instructions. Del's Plating Works offers zinc cobalt plating services which provide enhanced corrosion resistance and a bright luster to metal parts. After a daily session of about 15 strings at 1/2 hour each I strain my solution through a paper coffee filter. This means that the galvanic layer of zinc will protect even if the layer sustains minor damage, such as minor scratches and punctures. 10k Gold. Zinc - Iron plating with black passivation costs as much but is the only way to meet the Spec. DISCOVER Jan 17, 2014 · In short, do not remove the part from the plating solution once you start plating and do not cut the power on and then back on during the plating cycle. Our Zinc phosphate solution has TA of 22-24 and temperature of 50 °C. Ductile capacity Apr 16, 2021 · Zinc plating involves the electrodeposition of a thin coating of zinc metal onto the surface of another metal object, known as a substrate. Del’s Plating Works provides high-quality black & olive drab zinc plating to the military Zinc is suitable for both outside and inside coatings since zinc coated steel (due to galvanic protection) will not rust even when exposed by scratches. Our processes produce plating in thickness of . amazon. 5-4 μm layer of top coat. If it is applied to conventional zinc plating, and it is a rich black color; it is probably a silver-based chromate. We have automated barrel plating lines that can plate 100,000 pounds per day. Black zinc coating acts as a barrier to protect the steel from many damages such as corrosion, and improves the appearance. It may be that these fine pockets “trap” incoming light and reflect very little making the surface appear dark. mechanical plating turn around is also 48-72 hours ps-80 ps-80 dry ps-4764-black ps-4947-colored zinc phosphating & oil zinc phos -no oil black phosphate phos + colored tracers 1000 mg/sq ft 1000 mg/sq ft 1000 mg/sq ft 1000 mg/sq ft x x x x For urgent projects, we can turn the work around even faster with no loss of quality. This said, the selection of any process Black Zinc Finishing also tends to be applied in a thicker layer, so it’s not suitable for tight-fitting parts. 15 μm trivalent passivate layer and a . I don't think you need to do the Zinc plating on Black oxide. Afterward a black or grey passivation can be achieved on the surface. Take a piece of wire from the vial marked “Zn. It's 41. Nov 6, 2020 · Why does zinc turn black? Extremely finely ground metals appear black. Our zinc plating lines are optimized for high volumes of small parts and use a barrel Zinc anode materialhttps://www. maintain 25 to 28 Gms/lit. Jan 13, 2013 · Three of the enemies in my shop are rust, zinc coating and black oxide. Comments *. Dec 22, 2023 · Advantages of Zinc Plating. 00005″ to . Jan 7, 2023 · Process of Black Nickel Plating. *denotes a required field. As leaders in the industry Gatto has offered black zinc for over 40 years, so we know how to achieve a quality finish that provides maximum protection for parts. I think instead of Black oxide, You need to do the Zinc plating of 5-15 microns. •. Parts come out of he process more or less bright white. The process involves dipping the metal object into an electrolytic solution containing nickel sulfamate and applying a direct current to create an electrochemical reaction between the thing and the solution. You can call us at (949) 250-4494, use the Instant Quote Request form on the right, or email us at sales@electrolurgy. Zinc is more electrochemically active than iron. Carefully place the wrapped wire into a plastic tube without exposing zinc. 7% pure gold alloyed with metals like zinc, copper, or silver. The following provides an overview of the two methods, outlining their basic processes, benefits, and typical applications. typical turn around for electro- plating is 48-72 hours. One of our staff members will get back to you as soon as possible. 5. Q. We have manually operated rack lines that allow us to monitor each part throughout the process. At TP zinc plating can be specified as alkaline or chloride. This is probably the most popular option. Feb 18, 2023 · 3. Moisten the absorbent with 10 drops of 2M hydrochloric acid HCl solution. Zinc provides sacrificial protection to a substrate such as iron or steel when the coating is incomplete or is damaged during assembly or service. Costs a lot and gives the poorest SST resistance. Fax: (519) 884-4937. After the cad plate we rinse and apply a chromate, rinse and dry. It is used throughout the range of industry, especially on stampings, fasteners and automotive parts. They are the result of metal that has hardened at different stages and are visible on the surface of the base metal as flow marks or lines. Zinc Plating. com. Concentration 50 / 60 Gram / litre. If you’d like to learn more about black zinc plating and whether it’s the right solution for you, feel free to contact us. Zinc plating of . Burbank Plating Services - specializes in CAD Plating, ASTMB633, Black Zinc, Fastener plating, Non-Hexavalent, QQP416, RoHS compliant Plating, Cadmium Plating, Zinc Plating and Tin-Zinc Plating. Our offerings extend to comprehensive post zinc nickel plating treatments including chromate passivates in trivalent clear and black nickel plating finishes, top coats such as silicate sealants, torque control lubricants, and de-embrittlement facilities for high tensile fasteners and springs. We easily handle large jobs and small jobs. It has also gained widespread use in the automotive industry on clips and power steering components. The stained Oak twenty minutes after applying the Oxalic acid. Cold Shuts. This type of coating is commonly known as “zinc chromate” although the actual chemical makeup of the surface is much more complex. Zinc plating can also create diverse surface finishes, including bright, matte, and black. Please re-conform with your customer. Black Zinc Plating is a complex process that few companies provide effectively. Additionally, my anode is getting black after each part is plated. 2. Zinc plating is a soft, decorative, corrosion resistant finish. This problem seems to be isolated to this one Nov 21, 2022 · A. Low-stress deposits The process of zinc plating does not expose your metal parts to unnecessary stress which may, in turn, reduce the quality of the parts. Greystone – Induplate is a trusted industry leader, supplying Zinc Plating and Zinc Nickel plating for high volume automotive parts and safety critical components. My factory rotors came that way. Also, proper buffering of the bath with the boric acid helps in that it supplies extra hydrogen ions into the cathode film to keep pH there from going up too high to where the nickel starts precipitating in the cathode film causing the burn. Pioneer Metal Finishing’s process for plating helps improve corrosion resistance, wear Jul 1, 2010 · See photo top left). Jul 7, 2009 · I found that looking at the part in the plating bath after I turned on the power supply, but prior to turning on the pump/bubbler was the key. Clean a ‘copper’ coin with steel wool until it is shiny. This reaction causes the metal object to be coated with Zinc plating is identical to electro-galvanizing in principle because both are electro-deposition processes. Zinc coatings prevent oxidation of the protected metal by forming a barrier and by acting as a sacrificial anode if this barrier is damaged. Despite its durability, copper is not immune to corrosion. 06-. We plate with zinc/cobalt and zinc/nickel alloys, zinc, nickel, black oxide, tin, zinc phosphate, and trivalent passivates (RoHS Compliant). Jan 3, 2023 · Black nickel plating is a process that adds a protective layer to metal surfaces. Compare the freshly cleaned areas of your zinc came with untouched areas and you will see a noticeable difference in color and shine. Drop the cleaned coin into the hot solution containing sodium zincate and the remaining zinc Apr 21, 2016 · Higher temperature. They are following the following process: first components are cleaned with kerosene (scrubbing with saw dust), dipping in HCl Jan 25, 2023 · Unlike zinc plating, black oxide does not involve electroplating; a chemical process is used to create an oxide layer on top of the metal component. FED-EX service available for Black Zinc. Zinc protects the substrate by sacrificing itself, corroding before the base metal. Higher nickel ion concentration. Through a process known as galvanic corrosion, zinc will “defer” to the metal that it’s protecting. Zinc Plating is a relatively low cost attractive protective finish. e. When I’m building stuff for inside, I’d rather Dec 15, 2022 · Straightforward instructions on how to zinc plate small parts at home from the very beginning to the finished product in real time. facility offers the latest in Zinc Plating. We generally respond within 30 minutes. The final product is aesthetically pleasing Turn the electric heating plate off. Zn plating is getting done locally. Once the surface has been cleaned, it must be heated in a furnace Dec 4, 2020 · We are faced with black spots problem on Zn plated (15~20 microns) & trivalent chrome passivated (bright) parts. The zinc is applied as an expendable electrode in a cyanide, alkaline non-cyanide, or acid chloride Aug 5, 2021 · This type of zinc plating generally offers a lower level of corrosion protection, however it has the advantage of being more environmentally friendly than its counterparts. This protects against corrosion and oxidation but only offers a little in terms of aesthetics or longevity compared to zinc plating. We are carrying out Cyanide Zinc plating on the parts in a polypropylene tank 100 at a time through a manual process and process cycle is as under: 1) Alkaline Degreasing at Temp 50 / 60 °C for 1 / 2 minutes . The stained Oak five minutes after applying the Oxalic acid. According to the Caswell plating manual, black streaks and black deposits/areas are caused by zinc, lead or copper in the bath. If you’d like to learn more about how you can benefit from black zinc plating, just give us a call at 317-925-2396. Sep 25, 2017 · Zinc plating involves an electrolytic application of zinc to metal by immersing clean steel parts into a zinc plating bath and applying electric current to it. Nov 22, 2021 · Zinc plating is best suited for large batches of small parts. ISO 9001:2015 Certified We have been assessed by the international certification and adhere to the aformentioned ISO standards. 5 gallon tank. Feb 1, 2023 · Then place it in Phosphate solution for 25-30 minutes. Zinc plating is typically used for screws and other small fasteners, light switch plates, crank handles, springs and various small parts that will be exposed in interior or During the zinc plating process, zinc and iron/steel are combined into a cell, called an electrolyte, turning zinc into the anode and steel the cathode. Rust: No explanation needed. The solution will fizz as some of the zinc dissolves forming sodium zincate and giving off hydrogen. The minimum thickness would be 2 ten thousandths of an inch and, due to the irregularity of the thickness, it could be 5 or 6 ten thousandths in some areas depending on the shape of the part. We have recently begun having problems with Zinc plated brass components dulling and turning black in the Middle Eastern region. com/gp/product/B08CZDM2BJ/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o08_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1Buckets with watertight lidshttps://www. publicly reply to XL Koh's post ⇧. All you need to do is give us a call. 12 to 34 hours to white rust. Learn more about zinc electroplating with our zinc plating guide. Increased strength A coating of zinc on your metal part makes it stronger and durable. Typical zinc-nickel passivates can produce either a clear bluish finish or a black finish. Plating offers a range of purposes, depending on the specific Superbright Zinc Plating Kit with Blue and Black Dip Kit 5 Litre. Zinc is a sacrificial finish in that it will corrode before the base metal. Features, Capabilities, and Benefits. Why do you sometimes see "burning" in your plating Electrolurgy offers fast, high quality ROHS compliant zinc-nickel plating with great service in Irvine, Ca. 8STA Series. In fact, zinc is often referred to Black zinc is used on a wide range of parts in heavy machines, trucks, firearms, fittings, fasteners, outdoor equipment, and more. Did you install the anode bags? Die-cast pot metal contains zinc. It requires close attention throughout every step of the plating process. ”. We supply fire extinguisher hose assemblies globally. For further information about Dorsetware’s zinc plating, zinc coating and passivation services in Dorset, Wiltshire, Hampshire, Devon and the M3 corridor, please get in Oct 31, 2023 · The karat weight—10k, 14k, 18k—and the type of gold—yellow, white, rose, or even green—can affect how likely your jewelry is to tarnish or turn your skin black. The zinc plating process provides a physical barrier that will stop the rusting process from starting. However, zinc plating is used on small parts such as fasteners, crank handles, springs and other hardware items ratherthan sheet metal. , each component was packed with plastic cover separately and stored. The zinc coating creates a physical barrier that prevents rust from reaching the underlying metal surface. Blue or clear zinc plating is largely used for machine parts, washers, screws and for ornamental purposes due to its attractive finish. Plating is the deposition of metals in solutions onto a substrate. HCD burning Low Carrier Add 1% of Carrier Low ammonium chloride Keep the ammonium chloride (Does not apply to EXTREME level at 4 to 6 opg (30 to 45 g/l) 300, EXTREME 310 and COLSID AP-HT ) Low bath temperature Keep the bath temperature at 80° - 85° F (26° - 30° C). Automated Rack and Barrel processing. Add 5 g of zinc powder carefully. Most people won’t even notice that your product is even zinc plated, but you will buy how it shines and doesn’t rust. Fix the red crocodile clip on the zinc wire. 3 – Zinc nickel + Black or grey passivation Jul 7, 2009 · Re: How do you clean zinc anodes? Instead of spraying off the part above the plating tank, you should setup another tank the same size - fill it 1/2 way or so with distilled water and use that to rinse your parts off. Zinc coating: Many steel fasteners are coated with an ugly layer of zinc to protect them from rust in the outdoors. / maintain 125 to 140 Gms/liter. Cold shuts are one of the most common defects found in materials sent for electroplating. Additionally, black oxide tends to be more affordable than other operating on a tight budget, consider zinc plating. May 10, 2014 · plating, anodizing, & finishing Q&As since 1989 -----Zinc Plated Brass turns black in some environments. Here are some of the most common sources of precoating defects: 1. The demonstration. Contact us today to request a quote. Toll-Free: (877) 311-0123 Phone: (713) 785-4955. Black nickel plating is far more complex than most people realize. Yep I usually hit rotors with some high temp black or silver paint before installing them. Wisconsin Plating Works in Racine, Wisconsin offers corrosion-resistant, decorative plating, and finishing-related services for commercial and industrial applications. 0002″ thickness is followed by a black chromate conversion coating. This results in the corrosion protection of zinc, along with a good appearance. Aug 25, 2023 · April 26, 2023. Phone. Mar 16, 2023 · Step #4: Coating the Component with Zinc. ft. Once in contact with the water molecules, zinc hydroxide is formed. The process begins with a thorough cleaning of the stainless steel surface in order to remove dirt, grease, oil, and other debris that could interfere with the plating process. jw ot tv oz bt vf ai bz pw oy